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he was hauled up in court

  • 1 he was hauled before the court

    1) Общая лексика: его потащили к в суд

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > he was hauled before the court

  • 2 he was hauled before court

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > he was hauled before court

  • 3 haul up

    v.
    • izar v.
    v + o + adv, v + adv + o ( summon)
    VT + ADV
    1) (lit) ir levantando
    2) (fig)
    * * *
    v + o + adv, v + adv + o ( summon)

    English-spanish dictionary > haul up

  • 4 его повели в суд

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > его повели в суд

  • 5 его потащили в суд

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > его потащили в суд

  • 6 его потащили к в суд

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > его потащили к в суд

  • 7 haul

    haul [hɔ:l]
    (a) (pull) tirer, traîner; (tow) tirer, remorquer;
    ∎ they hauled the boat out of the water ils ont tiré le bateau hors de l'eau;
    ∎ figurative she has to haul her little brother everywhere with her elle doit traîner son petit frère partout avec elle;
    ∎ they were hauled in front of or before a judge on les traîna devant un tribunal;
    ∎ figurative to haul sb over the coals passer un savon à qn
    (b) (transport) transporter; (by truck) camionner, transporter
    ∎ he hauled himself out of bed il s'est péniblement sorti du lit;
    ∎ he hauled himself into a sitting position il s'est hissé en position assise
    ∎ to haul ass se magner
    (a) (pull) tirer;
    ∎ they hauled on the cable ils ont tiré sur le câble
    ∎ to haul alongside accoster
    3 noun
    (a) (catch, takings → of fisherman, customs) prise f, coup m de filet; (→ of robbers) butin m;
    ∎ the thieves have made a good haul les voleurs ont rapporté un beau butin;
    ∎ familiar you've got a good haul! (of presents) c'est un joli tas de cadeaux que tu viens de recevoir!
    ∎ to give a haul on a rope/fishing net tirer sur une corde/un filet de pêche
    (c) (distance) parcours m, trajet m;
    ∎ it was a long haul from Madrid to Paris la route fut longue de Madrid à Paris;
    ∎ long-/short-haul flights vols mpl long courrier/moyen courrier
    ∎ training to be a doctor is a long haul les études de médecine sont très longues
    (a) (pull down) descendre, faire descendre;
    ∎ his parents had to haul him down from the tree ses parents ont dû le faire descendre de l'arbre
    (b) (lower → flag, sail) amener
    (catch, net, rope) tirer, amener; familiar (suspects, people for questioning) emmener;
    ∎ the ship was hauled in for repairs le bateau a été mis en cale pour réparations;
    ∎ familiar Tom was hauled in on a drink-driving charge Tom a été épinglé pour conduite en état d'ivresse
    (take away) conduire, amener;
    ∎ her mother hauled her off to the dentist's sa mère l'a traînée chez le dentiste;
    ∎ he was hauled off to prison on l'a flanqué en prison
    American familiar lever le bras ou le poing□ ;
    ∎ she hauled off and slugged him elle a levé le bras et lui a asséné un coup de poing
    (a) (hoist) monter; Nautical (flag) hisser;
    ∎ to haul up a boat (on ship) rentrer une embarcation; (on the beach) haler un bateau à sec
    ∎ to haul sb up (for sth) demander des comptes à qn (de qch);
    ∎ to be hauled up before the court être traîné devant les tribunaux;
    ∎ he was hauled up before the headmaster il a dû se présenter devant le principal

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > haul

  • 8 haul

    1. [hɔ:l] n
    1. 1) вытягивание, вытаскивание (рывками, резким движением или с большим усилием); буксировка
    2) рыб. тяга, выборка ( сетей); тоня

    at one haul - одним заводом невода; за один раз

    2. 1) улов

    a good [a rich] haul of sardines - хороший [богатый] улов сардин

    2) трофеи; добыча

    to make /to get/ a good haul - недурно поживиться, разжиться богатой добычей

    he has such a fine haul of prizes - он получил /взял/ столько призов

    3. 1) перевозка, транспортировка; подвозка, доставка
    2) ездка, рейс; пробег; пройденное расстояние

    long haul - а) длинный рейс; большое расстояние; there's still a long haul ahead - (до места) ещё далеко /порядочно/; б) значительный отрезок времени

    short haul - а) короткий рейс; небольшое расстояние; б) небольшой отрезок времени; for the short haul, that'll be enough - на какое-то /на некоторое, на первое/ время этого хватит; в) мор. буксировка судна на берег (для мелкого ремонта, окраски и т. п.)

    4. груз
    5. горн. откатка
    6. мор. каболка
    2. [hɔ:l] v
    1. 1) тянуть, тащить; волочить

    to haul timber /logs/ - трелевать лес

    to haul at /upon/ a rope - тянуть канат

    2) буксировать
    3) перевозить, транспортировать; подвозить, доставлять
    2. вытаскивать сети
    3. вызывать (в суд и т. п.); привлекать (тж. haul up)

    he was hauled before the judge [court] - его повели /потащили/ к судье [в суд]

    4. разг. дотащиться, притащиться

    they finally hauled into the tavern - в конце концов они притащились в кабак

    5. мор.
    1) менять курс ( корабля)
    2) менять направление (о ветре; обычно на более близкое к курсу корабля; тж. haul around)
    3) держать или держаться круто к ветру (тж. haul off)

    to haul (to /upon/) the wind - выбираться на ветер

    6. действовать по-иному; менять план действий; изменить мнение, отношение (к чему-л.); отступать
    7. горн. откатывать

    ♢ to haul smb. over the coals (for smth.) - делать кому-л. выговор, дать нагоняй (за что-л.); ≅ задать головомойку, намылить голову

    НБАРС > haul

  • 9 haul up

    vt ( fig fam)
    ▪ to \haul up up ⇆ sb/sth jdn/etw hochziehen [o hinaufziehen]; (with more effort) jdn/etw hochschleppen [o hinaufschleppen]
    to \haul up sb up before a court jdn vor Gericht stellen
    to \haul up sb up in front of a magistrate jdn vor den Kadi bringen sl
    * * *
    vt sep
    1) (= carry) hinauf- or hochschleppen; flag, sail hissen; (aboard ship) (an Bord) hieven, hochziehen; (onto beach) schleppen, ziehen; (= pull up) hochzerren, hochziehen

    the dinghies were lying hauled up on the beach for the winter — man hatte die Jollen für den Winter an Land gezogen

    2) (fig inf)

    to haul sb up before the magistrate/headmaster — jdn vor den Kadi/Schulleiter schleppen (inf)

    he's been hauled up on a drugs charge — er wurde wegen einer Rauschgiftsache vor den Kadi gebracht (inf)

    * * *
    A v/t
    1. umg sich jemanden vorknöpfen
    2. umg
    a) jemanden vor den Kadi bringen oder schleppen
    b) jemanden schleppen ( before vor akk)
    3. → academic.ru/33856/haul">haul B 4 b
    B v/i
    1. SCHIFF an den Wind gehen
    2. US umg stehen bleiben

    English-german dictionary > haul up

  • 10 haul

    haul [hɔ:l]
    1. noun
       b. ( = booty) butin m
    ( = pull) traîner
    [+ line, catch] amener
    [+ object] monter (en tirant)
    • to haul o.s. up se hisser
    * * *
    [hɔːl] 1.
    1) ( taken by criminals) butin m

    a £2m haul — un butin d'une valeur de 2 millions de livres

    2) (found by police, customs) saisie f

    arms/heroin haul — saisie d'armes/d'héroïne

    3) ( journey)

    it will be a long haul — lit, fig l'étape sera longue

    4) ( in transportation) courrier m

    long/medium/short haul — long/moyen/court courrier

    5) ( of fish) pêche f
    2.
    1) ( drag) tirer
    2) ( by lorry) transporter
    ••

    English-French dictionary > haul

  • 11 haul

    1. гл.
    1) общ. тащить, тянуть (сети, снасти и т. п.); буксировать, оттаскивать

    to haul a wagon — тянуть тележку [фургон\]

    2) трансп. везти, перевозить; транспортировать
    See:
    3)
    а) общ. таскать, волочить; заставлять ходить (куда-л.)

    He was hauled to parties night after night by his wife. — Каждый вечер жена таскала его по вечеринкам.

    б) общ., разг. вызывать в суд (для дачи показаний и т. п.); арестовывать

    The traffic violators were hauled into court. — Нарушителей правил дорожного движения потащили в суд.

    4)
    а) мор. менять направление [курс\] корабля

    to haul (to/upon) the wind — выбираться на ветер, ложиться круто к ветру

    б) общ. меняться, менять направление ( о ветре)
    2. сущ.
    1) общ. волочение, тяга; рывок
    2)
    а) трансп. перевозка, транспортировка
    See:
    б) трансп. рейс, поездка; расстояние доставки

    long [short\] haul — длинный [короткий\] рейс

    4) эк., юр. (похищенные или незаконно ввезенные/произведенные товары; количество или стоимость таких товаров)

    A haul of stolen cars has been seizes by police. — Полиция конфисковала большое количество украденных автомобилей.

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > haul

  • 12 haul

    [hɔːl] 1. гл.
    1)
    а) тащить, тянуть (сети, снасти); трелевать ( лес); буксировать, оттаскивать

    to haul a wagon — тянуть тележку, фургон

    If we can get some strong ropes or wires around the sunken boat, we might be able to haul her up. — Если обвязать затонувшую лодку крепкими верёвками или тросами, можно будет её поднять.

    Syn:
    б) везти, перевозить; транспортировать; заниматься коммерческими перевозками
    Syn:
    2)
    а) таскать, волочить; заставлять ходить (куда-л.)

    He was hauled to parties night after night by his wife. — Каждый вечер жена таскала его по вечеринкам.

    Syn:
    б) ( haul before) разг.; = haul up вызывать в суд ( для дачи показаний); арестовывать

    The traffic violators were hauled into court. — Нарушителей правил дорожного движения потащили в суд.

    Syn:
    в) разг. тащиться, волочиться, добираться (куда-л.) с трудом
    Syn:
    г) (haul out / up) вылезать на сушу ( о самцах-одиночках тюленя)
    3)
    а) мор.; = haul up менять направление, курс корабля ( обычно ложиться круче к ветру)

    to haul (to / upon) the wind — выбираться на ветер, ложиться круто к ветру

    б) = haul round / to меняться, менять направление ( о ветре)
    Syn:
    •
    - haul up
    ••

    to haul down one's flag / one's colours — сдаваться

    2. сущ.
    1)
    а) волочение, тяга; рывок
    Syn:
    Syn:
    2)
    а) перевозка, транспортировка
    б) рейс, поездка
    - short haul
    Syn:
    3)
    а) улов ( рыбы); одна закидка невода

    water haul — пустой невод; пустые старания

    Syn:
    б) добыча, трофеи

    to make / to get a good haul — неплохо поживиться

    Syn:
    4)
    Syn:
    б) груз, количество перевезённого груза
    Syn:

    Англо-русский современный словарь > haul

  • 13 judge

    1. n арбитр, эксперт; третейский судья

    tampering with a judge — коррумпирование, подкуп судьи

    sitting judge — судья, разбирающий данное дело

    nominee judge — судья, назначенный для судейства

    2. n спорт. судейская коллегия на соревнованиях
    3. n поэт. библ. судья
    4. n ценитель, знаток
    5. n горн. линейка для замера объёма работ
    6. n библ. Книга Судей

    as sober as a judge — совершенно трезвый;

    7. v судить, выносить приговор, решение
    8. v быть арбитром, экспертом

    to judge at a contest — судить соревнования, быть судьёй на соревнованиях

    9. v составлять мнение, оценивать

    to judge whether Smith is right or wrong — судить, прав Смит или неправ

    10. v считать, полагать

    I judge she knew what she was doing — я считаю, что она знала, что делает

    11. v судить, делать вывод
    12. v книжн. осуждать, порицать

    judge not, that ye be not judged — не судите, да не судимы будете

    Синонимический ряд:
    1. adjudicator (noun) adjudicator; arbitrator; moderator
    2. arbiter (noun) arbiter; chancellor; court; justice; justice of the peace; magistrate; referee; umpire
    3. authority (noun) authority; connoisseur; expert
    4. critic (noun) appraiser; commentator; critic; reviewer
    5. justice (noun) justice; magistrate
    6. determine (verb) decide; determine; form an opinion; pass judgement; surmise
    7. estimate (verb) approximate; call; estimate; place; put; reckon
    8. infer (verb) collect; conclude; deduce; deduct; derive; draw; gather; infer; make; make out
    9. rate (verb) appraise; assay; assess; calculate; evaluate; gauge; rate; value
    10. rule (verb) adjudge; adjudicate; arbitrate; referee; rule; settle; try; umpire
    11. think (verb) appreciate; believe; consider; deem; esteem; hold; opine; regard; think

    English-Russian base dictionary > judge

  • 14 haul

    1. transitive verb
    1) (pull) ziehen; schleppen

    haul down — einholen [Flagge, Segel]

    2) (transport) transportieren; befördern
    2. intransitive verb 3. noun
    1) Ziehen, das; Schleppen, das
    2) (catch) Fang, der; (fig.) Beute, die
    * * *
    [ho:l] 1. verb
    1) (to pull with great effort or difficulty: Horses are used to haul barges along canals.) ziehen
    2) (to carry by some form of transport: Coal is hauled by road and rail.) befördern
    2. noun
    1) (a strong pull: He gave the rope a haul.) kräftiger Zug
    2) (the amount of anything, especially fish, that is got at one time: The fishermen had a good haul; The thieves got away from the jeweller's with a good haul.) der Fang
    •
    - academic.ru/33857/haulage">haulage
    - haulier
    - a long haul
    * * *
    [hɔ:l, AM esp hɑ:l]
    I. n
    1. usu sing (drag, pull)
    to give a \haul [kräftig] ziehen
    to give sb a \haul up onto a/the wall jdn eine/die Mauer hochziehen [o hochwuchten
    2. (quantity caught) Ausbeute f; of fish Fang m (of an + dat), Ausbeute f (of von/an + dat)
    poor \haul ein magerer Fang; of stolen goods magere Beute
    3. (distance covered) Strecke f; TRANSP Transport[weg] m
    long \haul Güterfernverkehr m
    short \haul Nahtransport m
    long-/short-\haul flight Kurzstrecken-/Langstreckenflug m
    it was a long \haul, but we are finished at last ( fig) es hat sich zwar lange hingezogen, aber jetzt sind wir endlich fertig
    II. vt
    ▪ to \haul sb/sth jdn/etw ziehen; sb, sth heavy jdn/etw schleppen; vehicle etw [ab]schleppen
    to \haul oneself out of bed sich akk aus dem Bett hieven fam
    to \haul a boat out of the water ein Boot aus dem Wasser ziehen; ( fig fam: bring before authority)
    to \haul sb before the court/a magistrate jdn vors Gericht/vor einen Richter [o sl den Kadi] schleppen
    2. (transport goods)
    ▪ to \haul sth etw befördern [o transportieren
    3. (make tell)
    ▪ to \haul sth out of sb etw aus jdm herausbekommen [o fam herausquetschen
    4.
    ▶ to \haul ass AM (fam!) die Hufe schwingen sl, die Beine in die Hände nehmen sl
    III. vi zerren, fest[e] [o kräftig] ziehen
    to \haul on a rope/the reins an einem Seil/den Zügeln zerren
    * * *
    [hɔːl]
    1. n
    1)

    (= hauling) a truck gave us a haul — ein Lastwagen schleppte uns ab or (out of mud etc) zog uns heraus

    2) (= journey) Strecke f

    short/long/medium haul aircraft — Kurz-/Lang-/Mittelstreckenflugzeug nt

    the long haul through the courts —

    revitalizing the economy will be a long haul — es wird lange dauern, die Wirtschaft wieder anzukurbeln

    3) (FISHING) (Fisch)fang m; (fig = booty from robbery) Beute f; (of cocaine etc) Fund m; (inf, of presents) Ausbeute f (inf)
    2. vt
    1) (= pull) ziehen; heavy objects ziehen, schleppen

    he hauled himself/Paul to his feet — er wuchtete sich/Paul wieder auf die Beine

    See:
    → coal
    2) (= transport) befördern, transportieren
    3) (NAUT) den Kurs (+gen) ändern

    to haul a boat into the wind — an den Wind segeln

    3. vi (NAUT)
    den Kurs ändern
    * * *
    haul [hɔːl]
    A s
    1. Ziehen n, Zerren n, Schleppen n
    2. kräftiger Zug:
    give the rope a haul kräftig an dem Seil ziehen
    3. (Fisch)Zug m
    4. fig Fischzug m, Fang m, Beute f:
    make a big haul einen guten Fang machen
    5. a) Beförderung f, Transport m
    b) Transportweg m, -strecke f:
    it was quite a haul home der Heimweg zog sich ganz schön hin;
    a long haul ein weiter Weg (a. fig);
    in the long haul fig zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt; auf lange Sicht
    c) Ladung f, Transport m:
    a haul of coal eine Ladung Kohlen
    B v/t
    1. ziehen, zerren, schleppen: → coal A 4
    2. befördern, transportieren
    3. heraufholen, (mit einem Netz) fangen
    4. SCHIFF
    a) die Brassen anholen
    b) herumholen, besonders anluven
    a) SCHIFF an den Wind gehen,
    b) fig sich zurückziehen
    6. → haul up A 2
    C v/i
    1. auch haul away ziehen, zerren ( beide:
    on, at an dat)
    2. mit dem Schleppnetz fischen
    3. umspringen (Wind)
    4. SCHIFF
    a) abdrehen, den Kurs ändern
    b) → haul up B 1
    c) einen Kurs segeln
    d) fig seine Meinung ändern, es sich anders überlegen
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    1) (pull) ziehen; schleppen

    haul down — einholen [Flagge, Segel]

    2) (transport) transportieren; befördern
    2. intransitive verb 3. noun
    1) Ziehen, das; Schleppen, das
    2) (catch) Fang, der; (fig.) Beute, die
    * * *
    n.
    Fang ¨-e m. v.
    schleppen v.
    transportieren v.
    ziehen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: zog, ist/hat gezogen)

    English-german dictionary > haul

  • 15 hard

    hard [hɑ:d]
    dur ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 2 (a) difficile ⇒ 1 (b) froid ⇒ 1 (c) rude ⇒ 1 (c) concret ⇒ 1 (d) fort ⇒ 2 (a) difficilement ⇒ 2 (b) durement ⇒ 2 (c)
    (a) (not soft → substance, light, colour) dur;
    ∎ to get or to become hard durcir;
    ∎ rock hard, (as) hard as rock dur comme la pierre;
    ∎ his muscles are rock hard or (as) hard as rock ses muscles sont durs comme le fer, il a des muscles d'acier;
    ∎ she is (as) hard as nails (emotionally) elle est dure, elle n'a pas de cœur; (physically) c'est une dure à cuire
    (b) (difficult → question, problem etc) difficile, dur;
    ∎ the laws make it hard to leave the country à cause des lois, il est difficile de quitter le pays;
    ∎ to have a hard fight or struggle on one's hands avoir une lourde tâche devant soi;
    ∎ it's hard to explain c'est difficile ou dur à expliquer;
    ∎ I find it hard to understand/believe that... je n'arrive pas à comprendre pourquoi/croire que...;
    ∎ it's hard to say c'est difficile à dire;
    ∎ he's hard to get on with il n'est pas facile à vivre;
    ∎ she is hard to please (never satisfied) elle est difficile; (difficult to buy gifts for etc) c'est difficile de lui faire plaisir;
    ∎ it's hard to beat on trouve difficilement mieux;
    ∎ it's hard to beat a good Bordeaux il n'y a rien de meilleur qu'un bon bordeaux;
    ∎ the hardest part of the job is done le plus dur est fait;
    ∎ life is hard c'est dur, la vie;
    ∎ times are hard les temps sont durs ou difficiles;
    ∎ these are hard times for all of us c'est une période difficile pour tout le monde;
    ∎ to fall on hard times (financially) connaître des temps difficiles ou une période de vaches maigres; (have difficult times) connaître des temps difficiles, en voir de dures;
    ∎ to give sb a hard time en faire voir de dures à qn;
    ∎ the boss has just been giving me a hard time le patron vient de me faire passer un mauvais quart d'heure;
    ∎ come on, don't give me a hard time! allez, laisse-moi tranquille!;
    ∎ you'll have a hard time (of it) persuading him to do that tu vas avoir du mal à le convaincre de faire cela;
    ∎ she had a hard time of it after her mother's death elle a traversé une période difficile après la mort de sa mère;
    ∎ she had a hard time of it when she was a child la vie n'était pas drôle pour elle quand elle était enfant;
    ∎ she had a hard time of it (in childbirth, operation) elle a souffert;
    ∎ to learn sth the hard way (involving personal loss, suffering etc) apprendre qch à ses dépens; (in a difficult way) faire le rude apprentissage de qch;
    ∎ I learnt the hard way not to be underinsured j'ai appris à mes dépens qu'il ne faut pas être sous-assuré;
    ∎ I learnt skiing the hard way j'ai appris à skier à la dure;
    ∎ I learnt my seamanship the hard way j'ai fait le rude apprentissage du métier de marin;
    ∎ some people always have to do things the hard way il y a des gens qui choisissent toujours la difficulté;
    ∎ to play hard to get (flirt) jouer les insaisissables;
    ∎ humorous their financial expert is playing hard to get leur expert financier semble jouer à cache-cache;
    ∎ the hard of hearing les malentendants mpl;
    ∎ to be hard of hearing être dur d'oreille;
    ∎ a glass of wine, or would you prefer a drop of the hard stuff? un verre de vin, ou bien préféreriez-vous une goutte de quelque chose de plus fort?;
    ∎ keep off the hard stuff évitez les boissons fortes
    (c) (severe → voice, face, eyes) dur, froid; (→ climate, winter) rigoureux, rude; (→ frost) fort, rude;
    ∎ he's hard (tough) c'est un dur;
    ∎ to be hard on sb être dur avec qn;
    ∎ children are hard on their shoes les enfants font subir de mauvais traitements à leurs chaussures;
    ∎ it's hard on the nerves c'est dur pour les nerfs;
    ∎ it was hard on the others ça a été dur pour les autres;
    ∎ it's hardest on the children le plus dur, c'est pour les enfants;
    ∎ to be a hard taskmaster être dur à la tâche;
    ∎ to take a long hard look at sth examiner qch de près;
    ∎ you should take a long hard look at yourself tu devrais bien te regarder;
    ∎ it's a hard blow for him c'est un coup terrible pour lui;
    ∎ no hard feelings? tu ne m'en veux pas?;
    ∎ familiar hard luck!, British hard cheese!, hard lines! pas de chance!□, pas de veine!, pas de bol!;
    ∎ it will be hard luck if he doesn't get the job ça ne sera pas de veine ou de bol s'il n'obtient pas le travail;
    ∎ don't give me any of your hard luck stories ne me raconte pas tes malheurs;
    ∎ he gave me some hard luck story about having lost his investments il a essayé de m'apitoyer en me racontant qu'il avait perdu l'argent qu'il avait investi;
    ∎ familiar a hard nut or man un dur
    (d) (concrete → facts) concret(ète), tangible; (→ evidence) tangible;
    ∎ the hard fact is that there isn't enough money la vérité, c'est qu'il n'y a pas assez d'argent;
    ∎ the argument was not backed up by any hard fact l'argument ne s'appuyait sur rien de concret
    ∎ it's been a long hard day la journée a été longue;
    ∎ it's hard work c'est dur;
    ∎ it was hard work to convince him j'ai eu fort à faire pour le convaincre;
    ∎ she's hard work (difficult to get on with) elle n'est pas facile à vivre; (difficult to make conversation with) elle n'est pas causante;
    ∎ she's not afraid of hard work le travail ne lui fait pas peur;
    ∎ the climb was hard going la montée était rude;
    ∎ it's hard going making conversation with him c'est difficile de discuter avec lui
    ∎ she's a hard worker c'est un bourreau de travail;
    ∎ he's a hard drinker c'est un gros buveur, il boit beaucoup;
    ∎ he's a hard charger c'est un fonceur;
    ∎ give it a good hard shove pousse-le un bon coup, pousse-le fort
    (g) Finance (stock, rates) soutenu, ferme
    (a) (strenuously → pull, push, hit, breathe) fort; (→ work) dur; (→ run) à toutes jambes; (→ listen) attentivement;
    ∎ to work hard at sth beaucoup travailler qch;
    ∎ to work hard at improving one's service/French beaucoup travailler pour améliorer son service/français;
    ∎ to work sb hard faire travailler qn dur;
    ∎ he works hard and plays hard il se dépense beaucoup dans son travail et dans ses loisirs;
    ∎ you'll have to try harder il faudra que tu fasses plus d'efforts;
    ∎ to try hard to do sth essayer de son mieux de faire qch;
    ∎ try hard! fais de ton mieux!;
    ∎ to think hard beaucoup réfléchir;
    ∎ think hard! réfléchis bien!;
    ∎ think harder! réfléchis un peu plus!;
    ∎ we can't find it - well, look harder! nous ne le trouvons pas - et bien cherchez mieux!;
    ∎ you didn't look very hard! tu n'as pas bien cherché;
    ∎ to look hard at sb regarder qn bien en face;
    ∎ to look hard at sth examiner qch;
    ∎ as hard as possible, as hard as one can (work, try) le plus qu'on peut; (push, hit, squeeze) de toutes ses forces;
    ∎ Nautical hard astern! arrière, toute!;
    ∎ Cars she hauled the wheel hard over elle a braqué à fond;
    ∎ Cars to turn hard to the left braquer à gauche, faire un virage très sec vers la gauche;
    ∎ to swim hard for the shore nager de toutes ses forces vers le rivage;
    ∎ British they're hard at it (working) ils sont plongés dans leur travail
    (b) (with difficulty) difficilement;
    ∎ to be hard put or pushed or pressed to do sth avoir du mal à faire qch;
    ∎ you'll be hard put to find a shop open at this time tu vas avoir du mal à trouver une boutique ouverte à cette heure-ci;
    ∎ old habits die hard les vieilles habitudes ont la vie dure
    (c) (harshly, severely → treat someone) durement, sévèrement; (→ rain) à verse; (→ freeze, snow) fort;
    ∎ he's feeling hard done by il a l'impression d'avoir été injustement traité;
    ∎ to be hard hit by sth être durement touché par qch;
    ∎ she took the news/his death pretty hard la nouvelle/sa mort l'a beaucoup éprouvée;
    ∎ old-fashioned it'll go hard with him if he keeps telling lies ça va aller mal pour lui s'il continue à raconter des mensonges
    ∎ the ground was frozen hard le gel avait complètement durci la terre;
    ∎ to set hard (concrete, mortar) prendre
    ∎ to follow hard on the heels of sb être sur les talons de qn;
    ∎ to follow or to come hard on the heels of sth suivre qch de très près
    ∎ hard up (short of money) fauché, à sec;
    ∎ to be hard up for ideas manquer d'idées□, être à court d'idées□ ;
    ∎ to be hard up for volunteers manquer de volontaires□ ;
    ∎ figurative you must be hard up if you're going out with him! il faut vraiment que tu n'aies rien à te mettre sous la dent pour sortir avec lui!
    3 noun
    ∎ to try one's hardest faire de son mieux
    old-fashioned tout près de
    ►► Typography & Computing hard carriage return retour m chariot obligatoire;
    familiar hard case (person) dur(e) m,f à cuire;
    hard cash (argent m) liquide m;
    American hard cider cidre m;
    hard coal anthracite m;
    Finance hard commodities minerais mpl;
    Linguistics hard consonant consonne f dure;
    Computing hard copy copie f sur papier, sortie f papier;
    hard core (nucleus) noyau m dur; Building industry empierrement m; Music hard rock m inv, hard m inv; (pornography) porno m hard;
    British Sport hard court (for tennis) court m en ciment;
    hard currency monnaie f ou devise f forte;
    ∎ a hard currency shop un magasin où on paye en devises;
    Computing hard disk disque m dur;
    Computing hard disk drive, hard drive unité f de disque dur;
    hard drug drogue f dure;
    Horseriding hard gallop galop m soutenu;
    hard hat (of construction worker) casque m; American familiar (construction worker) ouvrier(ère) m,f du bâtiment;
    hard hat area = zone où le port du casque est obligatoire;
    ∎ hard hat area (sign) port du casque obligatoire;
    Typography & Computing hard hyphen césure f imposée, trait m d'union imposé;
    hard labour (UNCOUNT) travaux mpl forcés;
    hard landing (by spacecraft) atterrissage m avec impact; figurative (during economic crisis) atterrissage m brutal;
    Metallurgy hard lead plomb m aigre;
    Politics the hard left l'extrême gauche;
    hard line ligne f de conduite dure;
    ∎ to take a hard line on sb/sth adopter une ligne de conduite dure avec qn/sur qch;
    hard liquor spiritueux mpl;
    Finance hard loan prêt m aux conditions du marché;
    Press hard news nouvelles fpl sûres ou vérifiées;
    Veterinary medicine hard pad coussinet m dur;
    Typography & Computing hard page break fin f de page obligatoire;
    Anatomy hard palate voûte f du palais, palais m dur;
    hard porn porno m hard, hard m inv;
    Computing hard reset réinitialisation f totale de la machine;
    Typography & Computing hard return saut m de ligne manuel;
    Politics the hard right l'extrême droit;
    Music hard rock hard rock m inv, hard m inv; esp American Cookery hard sauce = sauce au beurre, au sucre et au brandy ou au rhum servie avec le pudding;
    hard science science f dure;
    hard sell vente f agressive;
    ∎ to give sth the hard sell promouvoir qch de façon agressive;
    ∎ the salesman gave us the hard sell le vendeur a essayé de nous forcer la main;
    hard sell approach, hard sell tactics méthode f de vente agressive;
    Cars hard shoulder bande f d'arrêt d'urgence;
    hard space espace m insécable;
    hard water eau f calcaire ou dure
    ✾ Book 'Hard Times' Dickens 'Les Temps difficiles'

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  • 16 FYRIR

    * * *
    prep.
    I. with dat.
    1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);
    fyrir dyrum, before the door;
    2) before one, in one’s presence;
    hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;
    3) for;
    hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;
    4) before one, in one’s way;
    fjörðr varð fyrir þeim, they came to a fjord;
    sitja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for one;
    5) naut. term. before, off;
    liggja fyrir bryggjum, to lie off the piers;
    fyrir Humru-mynni, off the Humber;
    6) before, at the head of, over;
    vera fyrir liði, to be over the troops;
    vera fyrir máli, to lead the case;
    sitja fyrir svörum, to undertake the defence;
    7) of time, ago;
    fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago;
    fyrir stundu, a while ago;
    fyrir löngu, long ago;
    vera fyrir e-u, to forebode (of a dream);
    8) before, above, superior to;
    Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;
    9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;
    þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;
    tók at eyðast fyrir herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail;
    10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;
    mikit gøri þer mér fyrir þessu máli, you make this case hard for me;
    varð honum lítit fyrir því, it was a small matter for him;
    Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;
    11) because of, for;
    hon undi sér hvergri fyrir verkjum, she had no rest for pains;
    fyrir hræðslu, for fear;
    illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;
    gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;
    fyrir því at, because, since, as;
    12) against;
    gæt þín vel fyrir konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men;
    beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, against all kinds of harm;
    13) fyrir sér, of oneself;
    mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;
    minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;
    14) denoting manner or quality, with;
    hvítr fyrir hærum, while with hoary hair;
    II. with acc.
    1) before, in front of;
    halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;
    2) before, into the presence of;
    stefna e-m fyrir dómstól, before a court;
    3) over;
    hlaupa fyrir björg, to leap over a precipice;
    kasta fyrir borð, to throw overboard;
    4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;
    ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;
    5) round, off;
    sigla fyrir nes, to weather a point;
    6) along, all along;
    fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;
    draga ör fyrir odd, to draw the arrow past the point;
    7) of time, fyrir dag, before day;
    fyrir e-s minni, before one’s memory;
    8) for, on behalf of;
    vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;
    lögvörn fyrir mál, a lawful defence for a case;
    9) for, for the benefit of;
    þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, they cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses);
    10) for, instead of, in place of, as;
    11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);
    fyrir þín orð, for thy words (intercession);
    fyrir sína vinsæld, by reason of his popularity;
    12) denoting value, price;
    fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks;
    fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;
    13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð e-s);
    14) joined with adverbs ending in -an, governing acc. (fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);
    fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;
    fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge;
    fyrir handan á, beyond the river;
    fyrir innan garð, inside the fence;
    III. as adverb or ellipt.
    1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;
    þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;
    2) first;
    mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I shall do to you according as you do first;
    3) at hand, present, to the fore;
    föng þau, er fyrir vóru, stores that were at hand;
    þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already present (before the bride and bridegroom came);
    4) e-m verðr e-t fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;
    Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;
    e-t mælist vel (illa) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel fyrir).
    * * *
    prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either  (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS., as, fyre, Ó. H. (facsimile); fire, Grág. Sb. ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, Fms. iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, Haustl. 1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]
    WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, Nj. 14, Vsp. 53, Hm. 69, Edda 130; niðr f. smiðju-dyrum, Eg. 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, Nj. 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit f. þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, Fms. vii. 207, Hkr. iii. 335 (Ó. H. 201, l. c., frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum f. sér, beneath in the fire before them, Nj. 204; þeir sá f. sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, i. e. they came to a great house, Eg. 546; öðrum f. sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér, Grág. i. 5.
    2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel f. búum, before the neighbours, Nj. 87; lýsi ek f. búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim) f. e-m, Ld. 8; hann hermdi boð öll f. Gizuri, Nj. 78; hón nefndisk f. þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., Fms. i. 8; kæra e-t f. e-m, Ó. H. 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann f. þeim, Nj. 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er f. þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, i. e. because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) f. e-m, to give a good (bad) example, e. g. in the presence of children; lifa vel f. Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti f. Guði, Nj. 199; sem þeir sjá réttast f. Guði, Grág. i. (pref.); fyrir öllum þeim, Hom. 89; á laun f. öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, Grág. i. 337, Jb. 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill f. húsfreyju minni, i. e. when you talk to my wife, Nj. 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, Merl. 2. 78.
    3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja f. þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, Nj. 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, i. e. to clear Valhalla for slain folk, Em. I; ryðja vígvöll f. vegundum, Nj. 212; ljúka upp f. e-m, to open the door for one, Fms. xi. 323, Stj. 5; rýma pallinn f. þeim, Eg. 304; hann lét göra eld f. þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. f. sér, Fms. xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, Eg. 45.
    II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð f. þeim, Eg. 530; á (fjörðr) varð f. þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, i. e. they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi f. liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð f. Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., Hkr. iii. 363; þeirra manna er f. honum urðu, Eg. 92.
    2. sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for one, Ld. 218, Nj. 107; lá f. henni í skóginum, Edda (pref.); sitja f. rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, Eg. 136 (fyrir-sát).
    3. ellipt., menn urðu at gæta sín er f. urðu, Nj. 100; Egill var þar f. í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, Eg. 378; hafði sá bana er f. varð, who was before (the arrow), i. e. he was hit, Nj. 8.
    4. verða f. e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr f. drepi, if he be struck, Grág. ii. 19; verða f. áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, Ld. 140; verða f. reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, Eg. 226; verða f. ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, Fas. i. 130; sitja f. hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, Nj. 71; vera eigi f. sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.
    III. a naut. term, before, off; liggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the pier, Ld. 166; skip fljóta f. strengjum, Sks. 116; þeir lágu f. bænum, they lay off the town, Bs. i. 18; liggja úti f. Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, Eg. 261; hann druknaði f. Jaðri, off the J., Fms. i. II; þeir kómu at honum f. Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr f. landi, Hkr. i. 301; f. Humru-minni, off the Humber, Orkn. 338, cp. Km. 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, Orkn. 356.
    IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr f. búi föður síns, Ver. 26 (of king David); vera f. liði, to be over the troops, Eg. 292, Nj. 7; vera f. máli, to lead the case, Band. 8; vera forstjóri f. búi, to be steward over the household, Eg. 52; ráða f. landi, ríki, etc., to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, Nj. 5; hverr f. eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, Eg. 239; ráða f. e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja f. svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; hafa svör f. e-m, to be the chief spokesman, Fms. x. 101, Dipl. v. 26.
    V. special usages; friða f. e-m, to make peace for one, Fms. vii. 16, Bs. i. 65; bæta f. e-m, to make things good for one, Hom. 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.) f. e-m, to plead for one, Fms. iii. 33, Nj. 128,—also spilla f. e-m, to disparage one, Eg. 255; haga, ætla f. e-u, to manage, arrange for one, Ld. 208, Sturl. i. 14, Boll. 356; rífka ráð f. e-m, to better one’s condition, Nj. 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf f. frændkonu sinni, Js. 58; standa f. manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, Eg. 357, Grág. ii. 13; vera skjöldr f. e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað f. e-u, to have the expences for a thing, Ld. 14; vinna f. e-m, to support one by one’s work, Sks. 251; starfa f. fé sínu, to manage one’s money, Ld. 166; hyggja f. e-u, to take heed for a thing, Nj. 109; hyggja f. sér, Fs. 5; hafa forsjá f. e-m, to provide for one, Ld. 186; sjá f. e-u, to see after, Eg. 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð f. mér, Nj. 20: ironic. to put at rest, Háv. 40: ellipt., sjá vel f., to provide well for, Nj. 102.
    B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, Nj. 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, Fms. i. 76, Ld. 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, Nj. 260, Fms. i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, Grág. i. 80, ii. 323, 394, Finnb. 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, Fms. i. 57.
    2. the phrase, vera f. e-u, to forebode; vera f. stórfundum, Nj. 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu f. siða-skipti, Fms. xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera f. kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum f. e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá f. e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, Nj. 171.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar f. öllum ungum mönnum, Dropl. 7; þykkisk hann mjök f. öðrum mönnum, Ld. 38; ver f. hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, Eg. 65; Hálfdan svarti var f. þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, Fms. i. 4; þorgrímr var f. sonum Önundar, Grett. 87; var Haraldr mest f. þeim at virðingu, Fms. i. 47.
    II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið f. þeim, Grág. i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).
    2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit f. heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = Lat. pro, Fms. vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, Blas. 38; gjalda önd mína f. önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf f. sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ), H. E. i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, Dipl. iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir f. e-m, 656 A; heita f. e-m, biðja f. e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), Fms. iii. 48, Bs. i. 70; biðja f. mönnum, to intercede for, 19, Fms. xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja f. stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.
    III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, Eg. 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, Grág. i. 36, Dropl. 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn f. Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, i. e. forsook Thorkel, Fms. ix. 422; kom upp grátr f. henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé f. öðrum, to take another’s money, N. G. L. i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, Landn. 56; ef hross verðr tekit f. honum, if a horse of his be taken, Grág. i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, Ó. H. 60; e-t ferr ílla f. e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór f. Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., Vígl. 18; loka dyrr f. e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, Edda 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn f. yðr drepit, heldr f. yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, i. e. they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, Fbr. 33; tók at eyðask f. henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, Nj. 29; rak á f. þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, Vígl. 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn f. Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., i. e. so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil f. Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast f. mér, my sword broke, Korm. 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t f. e-m, to break a thing for one, Bs. i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167; árin brotnaði f. honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.
    2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja f. sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, i. e. to hinder one’s doing well, Sturl. 87; mikit göri þér mér f. þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, Eb. 124; þér er mikit f. máli, thy case stands ill, Fms. v. 325; ekki er Guði f. því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið f. því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, Grett. III; mér er minna f. því, it is easier for me, Am. 60; þykkja mikit f. e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, Nj. 77; Icel. also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, Ó. H. 140; sem sér muni lítið f. at veiða Gunnar, Nj. 113; fast mun f. vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, Ld. 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt f., A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), Nj. 185; hann var lengi f., he was long about it, Fms. x. 205; hann var lengi f. ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf. Karl. 388.
    IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, Lat. per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, Edda 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest for pains, Bjarn. 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = Lat. prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; f. hlátri, for laughter, as in Engl.; þeir æddust f. einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, Sól. 11; ílla fært f. ísum, scarce passable for ice, Fms. xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar f. Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35; hann var lítt gengr f. sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, Fbr. 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, Hbl. 26; heptisk vegrinn f. þeim meinvættum sem …, Fs. 4; gáðu þeir eigi f. veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, Landn. 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, Eg. 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, Grág. i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? Eluc. 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, Eg. 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, Edda 35, Fms. i. 22, vii. 330, Ld. 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, Skálda 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.
    V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, Háv. 52.
    2. denoting contest; falla f. e-m, to fall before one, i. e. fighting against one, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki f. e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, Ld. 146; látask f. e-m, to perish by one, Eb. 34; hafa bana f. e-m, to be slain by one, Nj. 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa f. honum, 263; mæddisk hann f. þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, Eg. 192; láta ríki f. e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, i. e. so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar f. þér, 505; láta hlut sinn f. e-m, Fs. 47; standask f. e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, Edda (pref.); hugðisk hann falla mundu f. sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, Hým. 12; halda hlut f. e-m, Ld. 54; halda frið ok frelsi f. várum óvinum, Fms. viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað f. þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding), Ld. 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit f. mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, Fær. 37; halda vöku f. sér, to keep oneself awake, Fms. i. 216.
    β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva f. e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, i. e. to be pursued, Bs. i. 774, Grág. ii. 359; at hann rynni f. þrælum hans, Ld. 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á f. Hofsmönnum, Landn. 178; ganga f. e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, Fms. i. 305, x. 292; vægja f. e-m, to yield to one, give way, Eg. 21, 187, Nj. 57, Ld. 234.
    VI. against; verja land f. e-m, Eg. 32; verja landit f. Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, Fms. i. 23; til landvarnar f. víkingum, Eg. 260; landvarnar-maðr f. Norðmönnum, Fms. vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar f. bergrisum, Edda 17; gæt þín vel f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, Eg. 113; góð aðstoð f. tröllum ok dvergum, Bárð. 163; beiða Baldri griða f. allskonar háska, Edda 36; auðskæðr f. höggum, Eg. 770.
    VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), Grág. ii. 384, Fms. vii. 262; halda f. veðri, to stand before the wind, Róm. 211.
    2. rýrt mun verða f. honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, Nj. 94: ellipt., hafði sá bana er f. varð, 8; sprakk f., 16, 91.
    VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, esp. of physical power; mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; lítill f. sér, weak, feeble, Nj. 20, Ísl. ii. 368, Eg. 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann f. mér, Edda 33; minnstr f. sér, smallest, weakest, Eg. 123; gildr maðr f. sér, Ísl. ii. 322, Fms. ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil f. sér, a hardy man, Nj. 270; hvat ert þú f. þér, what kind of fellow art thou? Clem. 33; vera einn f. sér, to be a strange fellow, Grett. 79 new Ed.; Icel. also say, göra mikið (lítið) f. sér, to make oneself big ( little).
    β. sjóða e-t f. sér, to hesitate, saunter, Nj. 154; mæla f. munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, Orkn. 248, Nj. 249.
    IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr f. hærum, white with hoary hairs, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, Mag. 5; hjölt hvít f. silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, Eb. 226.
    X. as adverb or ellipt.,
    1. ahead, in front, = á undan, Lat. prae, opp. to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, Nj. 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), Eg. 580; Egill fór f., E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar f. í nótt, 283.
    β. first; hann stefndi f. málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, Nj. 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit f., I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum f., seven nights before, Grág. ii. 217.
    2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, i. e. before the bride and bridegroom came, Nj. 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar f. vera, he shall be there present, Js. 3; heima í túni fyrir, Fær. 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, Eg. 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem f. eru, who are there already, i. e. in his charge, Grág. i. 286: of things, föng þau er f. vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, Eg. 134.
    3. fore, opp. to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar f. allt gullknöppum, Eg. 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst, Mar.
    XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, i. e. one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat f., at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, Grág. i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki f., K. had no resource, i. e. lost his head, Sturl. iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, Nj. 117, Sturl. ii. 151; mun þat vel f. mælask, people will like it well, Nj. 29, Þórð. 55 new Ed.; ílla mun þat f. mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel f., the people praised the poem, Fms. vii. 113.
    XII. in special senses, either as prep. or adv. (vide A. V. above); segja leið f. skipi, to pilot a ship, Eg. 359; segja f. skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, Bs. i. 774, Fms. x. 480; mæla f. e-u, to dictate, Grág. ii. 266; mæla f. minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla f. sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u f., to arrange, put right; ætla f. e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m f. e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið f. e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa f. e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita f. sér, to enquire; biðjask f., to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja f., etc., to order, Nj. 103, Js. 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá f., at …, Landn. 34; spyrjask f., to enquire, Hkr. ii. 333; búask f., to prepare, make arrangement, Landn. 35, Sks. 551; skipask f., to draw up, Nj. 197; leggjask f., to lie down in despair, Bs. i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá f. úorðna hluti, Fms. i. 96; segja f., to foretell, 76, Bb. 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt f. um æfi hans, Nj. 102; vita e-t f., to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t f., to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained, id.
    WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, Nj. 198; láta síga brýnn f. brár, Hkv. Hjörv. 19; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, Nj. 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, Fs. 39.
    2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m f. dómstól, Fms. xi. 444; ganga, koma f. e-n, to go, come before one, Fms. i. 15, Eg. 426, Nj. 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, Stj. 611.
    3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum f. sik, he put the shield before him, Nj. 97, 115; halda skildi f. e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.
    4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram f., forward; aptr f., backward, etc.; hann reiddi öxina fram f. sik, a stroke forward with the axe, Fms. vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna f. sik, 195; komask út f. dyrr, to go outside the door, Eg. 206:—draga ofan f. brekku, to drag over the hill, Ld. 220; hrinda f. mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, Eg. 748; hlaupa f. björg, to leap over a precipice, Eb. 62, Landn. 36; elta e-n f. björg, Grág. ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) f. borð, to leap ( throw) overboard, Fms. i. 178, Hkr. iii. 391, Ld. 226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr f. borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, Fms. ix. 3; hlaupa niðr f. stafn, Eg. 142; niðr f. skaflinn, Dropl. 25; fyrir brekku, Orkn. 450, Glúm. 395 (in a verse).
    II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu f. þá, Fms. ix. 475; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, Boll. 348; hlaupa ofan f. þá, Nj. 153; vóru allt komin f. hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, Fms. vii. 207; þeir felldu brota f. hann, viz. they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann f. skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, Ld. 166.
    III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, Nj. 44; út f. Holm, out past the Holm, Fms. vii. 356: esp. as a naut. term, off a point on the shore, sigla f. England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, Orkn. 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, Fms. vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, Edda 91 (in a verse); er hann kom f. Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, Eg. 80; leggja land f. skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, i. e. to pass it, Edda l. c.; göra frið f. land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, Ld. 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river, Fms. iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, Grág. ii. 263; girða f. nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, cp. Lat. praesepire, praemunire, etc., Grág. ii. 263; so also binda f. op, poka, Lat. praeligare, praestringere; hlaða f. gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri f. stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, Nj. 275; skjóta slagbrandi f. dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, Dropl. 29; láta loku (lás) f. hurð, to lock a door, Gísl. 28; setja innsigli f. bréf, to set a seal to a letter, Dipl. i. 3: ellipt., setr hón þar lás fyrir, Ld. 42, Bs. i. 512.
    2. along, all along; f. endilanga Danmörk, f. endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, Fms. iv. 319, xi. 91, Grett. 97:—öx álnar f. munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, Ld. 276; draga ör f. ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, Fms. ii. 321.
    IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, Sturl. i. 44, Hrafn. 13, Fms. ii. 131; taka f. munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka f. háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, etc.; taka mál f. munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka f. hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, Eb. 124; mod., taka fram f. hendrnar á e-m.
    B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, Eg. 80; f. miðjan dag, Ld. 14; f. sól, before sunrise, 268; f. sólar-lag, before sunset; f. miðjan aptan, Nj. 192; f. náttmál, 197; f. óttu, Sighvat; f. þinglausnir, Ölk. 37; f. Jól, Nj. 269; f. fardaga, Grág. ii. 341; viku f. sumar, 244; f. mitt sumar, Nj. 138; litlu f. vetr, Eg. 159; f. vetrnætr, Grág. ii. 217; f. e-s minni, before one’s memory, Íb. 16.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, Fms. x. 372.
    II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, Nj. 77; ganga í skuld f. e-n, Grág. i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá f. Ölvi, Eg. 210; kaupa e-t f. e-n, Nj. 157; gjalda gjöld f. e-n, Grág. i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir f. e-n, Eg. 504; hvárr f. sik, each for oneself, Dipl. v. 26; sættisk á öll mál f. Björn, Nj. 266; tók sættir f. Björn, Eg. 168; svara f. e-t, Fms. xi. 444; hafa til varnir f. sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma f.; færa vörn f. sik, etc.; verja, sækja sakir f. sik, and many similar law phrases, Grág. passim; biðja konu f. e-n, to woo a lady for another, Fms. x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, Gs. 16; lögvörn f. mál, a lawful defence for a case, Nj. 111; hafa til varnar f. sök, to defend a case, Grág. i. 61; halda skiladómi f. e-t, Dipl. iv. 8; festa lög f. e-t, vide festa.
    III. in a distributive sense; penning f. mann, a penny per man, K. Þ. K. 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, Lv. 89, Fms. i. 153, Ó. H. 141; hve f. marga menn, for how many men, Grág. i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.
    IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð f. hungraða, Hom. 75; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), Nj. 265; leggja kostnað f. e-n, to defray one’s costs, Grág. i. 341.
    V. for, instead of; hann setti sik f. Guð, Edda (pref.); hafa e-n f. Guð (Lat. pro Deo), Stj. 73, Barl. 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann f. sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, Grág. i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka f. brynjur, Fs. 17; manna-höfuð vóru f. kljána, Nj. 275; gagl f. gás ok grís f. gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; rif stór f. hlunna, Háv. 48; buðkr er f. húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; auga f. auga, tönn f. tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell f. skillinga, Þkv. 32.
    VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, Nj. 92, Fms. v. 162; eigi f. sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? Nj. 101; ok urðu f. þat sekir, Landn. 323; hafa ámæli f. e-t, Nj. 65, passim.
    2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra f. þín orð, Ld. 158, Nj. 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, Fms. i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old Engl. ‘fore God), Karl. 241; fyrir þitt líf, Stj. 514; ek særi þik f. alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, Nj. 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, Eg. 714; er sik leysti út f. þrjú hundruð marka, Fms. ix. 421; ganga f. hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, D. I. i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða f. hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, Ld. 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, Nj. 57; bætr f. víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr f. mann, Eg. 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, Nj. 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, Fms. i. 9, 157, Gþl. 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann f. sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, i. e. they sold their lives dearly, Ó. H. 217.
    2. ellipt., í staðinn f., instead of, Grág. i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða f. góð boð, Nj. 77; taka umbun f., Fms. vii. 161; svara slíku f. sem …, Boll. 350; þér skulut öngu f. týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, Nj. 7.
    VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, Stj.; fyrir sína náttúru, Fms. v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, Pass. 19. 12; svikin f. orminn, by the serpent, Al. 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very freq. in eccl. writings, esp. after the Reformation, N. T., Pass., Vídal.; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, etc.:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu f. kast ( by dice), Sturl. ii. 159.
    IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, N. G. L. i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, Grág. ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) f. ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, Þiðr. 190; nú fara menn f. bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, Gþl. 517; hann gaf henni líf f. framkvæmd farar, i. e. although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow), Fms. v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, Grett. 80 new Ed.; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.
    X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but freq. in mod. usage, thus, eigi e-n f. vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n f. fífl, fól, to make sport of one.
    2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, e. g. vita f. vist, to know for certain, Dipl. i. 3; vita f. full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa f. satt, to take for sooth, believe, Nj. 135; koma f. eitt, to come ( turn) all to one, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma f. ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, Nj. 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti f. varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, Sól. 19.
    XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following acc. denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, i. e. on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = Lat. ultra; fyrir innan fjall = Lat. infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, etc.; vide these adverbs:—used adverb., fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in Icel. to mark the quarters of the country, cp. the ditty in Esp. Árb. year 1530; but not freq. in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, cp. Kristni S. ch. 1: absol. and adverb., fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, Anal. 98, Vkv. 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.
    ☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:
    I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, temp., and metaph. furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini, etc.
    β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, etc.
    2. in an intens. sense = before others, very, but not freq.; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.
    II. (cp. fyrir, acc., C. IX), in a neg. or priv. sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, e. g. for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:
    1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, e. g. for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.
    2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, e. g. for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in eccl. writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in Icel.) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, etc.; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FYRIR

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